单元目标要求

1．重点词汇、短语、句型结构

1）permit, hibernate, loose, everyday, everyday, standard, silly

2）keep up, show, off, keep out, feel like, more than, once every five minutes, lie in , be connected with, make use of

3）have no choice but to do sth.

2．课文掌握程度

通过学习本单元内容，使学生了解动物冬眠的知识，并培养学生热爱动物，保护动物的意识。

3．重点语法

复习复合形容词的构成法

4．口语交际

学习给别人提建议的表达法

I suggest you see some of our national parks.

Why don't you hire a car and drive around for a couple of weeks?

5．写作　 学习写回信。

重点词语用法

1．permit 的用法

1）permit作名词用，意为“执照”、“许可证”。例如：

①He had a special permit to visit the country.

他有访问这个国家的特殊许可。

②Have you got a driving permit.

你有没有取得驾照？

③You won't get into the atomic research station without a permit.

你没有许可证不能进入原子研究站。

④Bring the special permit with you, otherwise, you can't go into the airport.

把特别通行证带在身边，否则你不能进入机场。

2）permit 作动词用时相当于allow，与allow不同的是，它强调“允许是得到上级或文件正式认可的”，意为“正式批准”、“许可”，比allow正式；allow所表示的允许，含有“听任”、“默许”之意。但事实上的区别并不那么严格，在很多情况下可以交换使用。

①I'll visit him tomorrow if time permits.

如果时间许可，明天我要去拜访他。

②Each student was allowed five minutes for free talk.

每个学生被允许五分钟自由谈话。

③Smoking is not permitted in this theatre.

本剧院不许吸烟。

④She allowed her imagination full play.

她让她的想象力尽量发挥。

2．suggest的用法

1）suggest (vt. ) 作“建议”解，后接宾语从句时，从句谓语一般用should+ 动词原形，也可单用动词原形作谓语。如：

①I suggest that he (should) have lunch now.

我建议他现在吃中饭。

②The shop assistant suggested that Jack (should) come another day.

店员向杰克建议他改日再来。

③I suggested to him that he (should) do it in a different way.

我建议他用另一种方法做。

▲从句谓语也可以用其他形式。如：

①Your cousin in the shop suggested I might call and see you.

你在商店工作的堂兄建议我可以来找你。

2）suggest (vt. ) 作“暗示，提出某看法”解时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词通常不用should+ 动词原形，而用其他形式。如：

①I'd like to suggest that it was the wrong place. 我想指出，这个地点不对。

3）“建议某人做某件事”不能用suggest sb. to do sth. 结构，而应用suggest sb. 's doing sth. 或suggest＋that sb. (should) do sth. 。如：

①I suggest his sending the urgent letter to Nanjing.

我建议他把紧急信件寄往南京。

3．reduce的用法

1）reduce ( vt. )意为减少，降低，缩小，减轻。如：

①The new working method has reduced production cost.

新工作方法降低了生产成本。

②They persuaded him to reduce his price to twenty-one thousand dollars.

他们说服他把价格降到21，000美元。

③Some fat people tried to reduce their weight. 某些胖子试图减肥。

④The reduced income forced them to economize. 收入减少迫使他们节约。

2）reduce (vi. ) 作“减肥，设法减轻体重”解，相当于reduce one's weight.如：

①No sugar, thank you----I'm trying to reduce.

不要加糖，谢谢。我正在减肥。

4．below 的用法

below (prep. ) 意为在下方，位置低于。反义词是above。可用于直义和引申意义。如：

①The Dead Sea is below sea level. 死海在海平面以下。

②Sign your name below mine on this document.

在这封文件上把你的名字签在我的名字下。

③The temperature is below freezing. 气温在零度以下。

④The temperature is two degrees below (above) zero centigrade.

气温是摄氏零下（零上）2度。

▲below (prep. ) 用于引伸意义，指地位、能力、智力等低于。如：

①He was below her in intelligence. 他在智力方面比她低。

②His position in the firm was below his brother's.

他在公司的地位比他哥哥低。

5．far的用法

far (adv. )原义为远，常用于表示程度，作“到……地步”，“过于……”，“……得多”解。如：

①I live on the second floor He lives far above me.

我住在二楼。他住的楼层比我高得多。

②He sees far into the past. 他能看到遥远的过去。

③He's far past forty. 他大大超过四十岁了。

④They worked far into the night. (＝They worked deep into the night. )

他们工作到深夜。

⑤He was at the station far too early. 他一大早就来到车站。

⑥He hasn't put a foot wrong. Better…far better than I expected.

他没有做一件错事。他做的比我期望的好，好得多。

6．suit的用法

1）suit (vt. ) 意为对……合适，合身，使满意。如：

①Let's fix a day. Would Saturday night suit you?

我们定个时间。星期六晚对你合适吗？

②It does not suit you to have your hair cut short. 你剪短发不合适。

③The dress suits you beautifully. 连衣裙对你很合身。

④Long hair does not suit him. 长发对他不合适。

⑤A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.

好教师使自己上的课适合学生年龄。

⑥He suited his speech to his audience. 他使自己的演讲适合听众需要。

▲被动语态形式 be suited for/ to＋ n. / pron. 意为适于，适合于，适宜于。如：

① You're not suited for the kind of work you're doing.

你不适合正在从事的工作。

②He isn't suited to such a hard life. 他不适宜过这种艰苦生活。

2）suit (n. )作“一套衣服”解，指男人的上衣、背心和裤子或女人的上衣和裙子。如：

①Why don't you put on the dark gray suit today?

为什么你今天不穿深灰色套装？

②A man's suit consists of coat, vest and trousers.

男人的套装由上衣、背心和裤子组成。

7．weather和climate的区别

weather意为“天气”，为不可数名词，不能在前面加不定冠词，如我们只能说in such fine weather, 而不能说in such a fine weather. 如：

①Keep the windows open in fine weather.

天气晴朗时，应把窗户打开。

②He stays indoors watching TV in wet weather.

下雨天他常待在家里看电视。

③The weather has changed.天气变了。

④Many crops depend on the weather.

许多农作物要依靠天气。

【注意】weather 前虽不可加不定冠词，但在表示“各种各样的天气”，或“不论哪种天气”时，weather用复数。如：

①She goes out in all weathers.

不论天气如何，她总出去。

②In most weathers, they work outdoors.

在大多数天气条件下，他们在室外工作。

▲weather与climate都表示天气，但两者侧重点不同，weather指某特定地区在一定时间内的气象情况。climate指一般比较长的时间，如一季的天气状况。如：

①A drier climate would be good for her health.

气候较干燥的地区会对她的健康有益。

②The climate of Kunming is enjoyable all year round.

昆明的气候一年四季都令人愉快。

8．foolish，stupid和silly的区别

1）foolish用于人时，着重指没有头脑，缺乏智慧或判断力。用于行为时，指愚蠢或考虑不周。如：a foolish act。

①He was foolish enough to believe her.

他蠢笨到竟然信了她的话。

②I thought you had more sense than to do such a foolish thing.

我想你不至于傻到干这种蠢事。

2）stupid用于人或事时指生性迟钝或反应迟钝，可用于骂人或责备。

①He was so stupid as to forged his own name.

他笨到连自己的名字也记不起来。

②That's a stupid idea.那是多笨的主意。

3）silly用于人时，指头脑简单、不懂事，用于言行指“无聊”。常用于a silly boy, a silly story, a silly question/mistake中。

①I am not so silly as you think.

我不是你所想像的那么傻。

②Ah, I have done a silly thing. 哎呀，我干了一件傻事。

9．fairly的用法

fairly是副词，意为“相当的，很有一点”，语气较very稍轻。例如：

①His pronunciation is fairly (very)good.

他的发音相当（非常）好。

②She's been working here a fairly long time.

她已在这里工作了相当长的时间。

▲fairly常常修饰表示肯定意义的词或本身为肯定的意义，rather则修饰表示否定意义的词，或本身为否定意义。例如：

①It's fairly warm today. 今天相当暖和。（感觉很舒服。）

②It's rather warm today. 今天相当炎热。（感觉不舒服）

▲fairly还可表示“公平地，公正地，光明正大地”。例如：

①Teachers should deal fairly with their pupils.

老师应该公平对待学生。

10．cause的用法及与reason的区别

1）cause用作及物动词，意为“引起、使产生、给……带来”。例如：

① What caused the accident?

是什么引起这个事故的？

②I think you've caused trouble to all of us.

我认为你给我们大家带来了麻烦。

2）cause用作名词，意为“原因，理由”。例如：

①Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.

造成火灾的原因通常是不谨慎。

②Don't be late without cause. 不要无故迟到。

3）cause是造成一种事实或现象的“原因”，reason是说明一种看法或行为的“理由”。例如：

①Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter.

热是物体膨胀的原因。

②You must tell him the reason why you won't accept his offer.

你必须告诉他你为何拒绝他的提议。

重要词组短语 

1．短语动词keep up意为保持下去，继续下去；保持，继续（做某事）。如：

①I hope the weather will keep up. 我希望这种天气继续下去。

②If this storm keeps up, the crops will be destroyed.

如果暴雨继续下去，庄稼会受到损害。

③We've kept up our friendship for over twenty years now.

我们保持友谊有二十多年。

④I had to run to keep up (with him). 我不得不跑步赶上他。

⑤It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.

维持这样一幢房屋想必价格昂贵。

2．短语动词show off意为（自豪地）给别人看，炫耀，卖弄等。如：

①They had the room enlarged so that exhibits could be shown off more effectively.

他们使房间扩大，以便展品更好地陈列。

②He showed off his new suit. 他自豪地把新外套给人看。

③He always shows off with his knowledge of literature.

他总是炫耀自己的文学知识。

④Most children show off in front of visitors.

多数儿童在客人面前好卖弄。

▲含有show的短语动词还有show sb. around/ round（带领某人到处看看），show sb.the door （让人离开），show up （出现，来到某处）等。如：

①If you are free at two o'clock on Friday, I shall be delighted to show you around the place. 如果你星期五两点钟有空，我很高兴带你上那儿转转。

②Did Dick show up at the meeting last night?

狄克昨晚在会上露面了吗？

③Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door.

露斯使别人的孩子不安，所以我叫她离开。

3．短语动词keep sb. / sth. out意为不使……进入，挡住。如：

①They have shut the door and mean to keep us out.

他们关上门，企图把我们关在外面。

②This notice should keep unwanted visitors out; it says“keep out!”

这张布告应使不速之客无法进入。它上面写着“禁止入内”。

③The window curtain keeps the heat out. 窗帘挡住了热气。

4．help to do sth. 意为有助于做某事，to可省略。如：

①Learning the rules of word-formation helps to enlarge our vocabulary.

学会构词法有助于扩大词汇量。

②By helping them we are helping to save ourselves.

帮助他们也有助于我们挽救自己。

③All this helped raise farm yields steadily.

这一切有助于稳步提高农业生产。

▲help后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时to可以省略，也可以保留。如：

①I thought seeing him would help her to get better.

我想，看见他会有助于她身体变好。

②I'll help you solve it. 我帮助你解决这个问题。

5．词组more than意为“极其……，不仅仅是，不只是”，相当于not only。如：

①China Daily is more than a newspaper. It helps to improve our English. 《中国日报》不仅仅是一张报纸。它还有助于提高我们的英语水平。

②They were more than glad to help. 他们极其高兴给予帮助。

③If I tell your father what you've done, he'll be more than a little angry.

如果我把你的所作所为告诉你父亲，他可不仅仅是生点气了事。

④The museum is more than a museum. It's a school. 这个博物馆不只是一个博物馆。它还是一所学校。

6．短语动词lie in意为“在于”。如：

①The trouble lies in the engine. 问题出在发动机。

②The solution lies in social and political reform.

解决办法在于社会和政治改革。

③Where does the problem lie? The problem lies in a badly-polluted environment.

问题在哪儿呢？严重污染的环境是问题的所在。

▲lie in用作不及物意义作“晚起，该起床还在睡觉”解。如：

①They let me lie in but I got up for breakfast.

他们让我起迟一点，但我起来吃早饭。

▲lie (vi. ) 意为“躺；位于，在某处有”等，过去式、过去分词是lay, lain, 现在分词是lying。如：

①It was wonderful lying on the beach all day. 整天躺在海滩上太好了。

②A town lies before us. 我们面前有座城市。

▲lie (vi. ; n. ) 意为“说谎；假话”。作动词时过去式、过去分词、现在分词是lied, lied, lying。如：

①The plain fact of the matter is that the man lied.

事实很清楚，那男人说谎。

②He lied about his reason for being late.

关于迟到的原因他说了假话。

③They said she told lies and had dirty habits.

他们认为她好说谎，有坏习惯。

7．such as与such…as…

1）such as用来列举事物，意为“例如”或“象”。如：

①Some of the rubbish such as food, paper and iron, rots away over a long period of time. 有些垃圾，如食物、纸张和铁器，时间久了才烂掉。

②A man such as he will surely succeed.

象他这样的人肯定会成功。

③Have you seen some fierce animals such as lion, tiger, wolf and so on?

你见过象、狮子、老虎、狼等凶猛动物吗？

④You can borrow books of reference, suck as dictionaries and handbooks.

你可以借些参考书，象词典和手册之类。

2）such…as…象……任何的，凡是……的。如：

①Such girls as he knew were teachers.

他所认识的女孩子都是老师。

②Such bikes as you have are sold out.

象你所有的那种自行车已卖完了。

③Take such as you need.你需要多少拿多少。

④I will send you such as I have.

我将送给你我有的那种东西。

3）such as后可加不定式，表示“到……的程度”。如：

①His words are such as to make his friends angry.

他的话已到了使朋友生气的程度。

②His illness was such as to cause anxiety.

他的病到了使人担忧的程度。

4）such as也可后接that引起的从句。如：

①His courage is such that he does not know the meaning of fear.

他的勇气如此之大，以至于不知道恐惧是何物。

8．fly away与fly off的用法区别

fly away与fly off都可表示“匆匆离去（飞去）”之意，但有一些差别。

fly away距离较远，而fly off指距离较近。

①Then they flew away into their hiding place.

后来他们窜回到他们躲藏的地方去了。

②When he was driving very fast, one of the wheels of his wagon flew off.

他正把车赶得飞快，一只轮子突然脱落了。

▲away是副词，off既可作副词，也可作介词。off后可跟宾语，away后则不可。如：

①The bird shook its tail and flew away. 那只鸟摇着尾巴飞走了。

②He pointed his gun at the bird which flew off the tree immediately.

他把枪瞄准那只鸟，但它立即从树上飞走了。

【注意】在动词keep, run, walk, move等后面加上away或off，其区别与上述所谈类似。如：

①What kept you away last Sunday? 上星期日你为什么没来？

②Keep off the grass! 勿踏草地！

常用句型结构

1．Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.

于是，它别无选择，只好躺下睡觉。

have no choice but to……意为“除（做）……外，别无他法、非（做）……不可，只好……”but在此句的意思是“除去”，用作介词，后接不定式。例如：

①He had no choice but to leave. 他非走不可。

②I don't have any choice but to do as you tell me.

我除按你所说的去做外，没有任何别的办法。

2．表示建议的交际用语Let's…后，常可加简短问句…, shall we? 以使语气变得更加客气一些。如：

①----Let's go out and have some coffee, shall we? 我们出去喝点咖啡好吗？

----OK. Let's. 好的，去吧。

②Let's call it a day, shall we? 今天的工作就进行到这里好吗？

③Let's go now, shall we? 我们现在就走好吗？

▲shall (aux. v. ) 用于第一人称，构成将来时；用于第一、第三人称，构成疑问句，征求对方意见；用于第二、第三人称，表示警告、允诺、命令、决心、强制等，起情态动词作用。如：

①Shall I turn on the light, Mother? 妈妈，我把灯关上好吗？

②I'll be there at 3 o'clock, shall I? 我三点钟去那儿好吗？

③Shall the boy wait (＝Do you want the boy to wait)? 要男孩等待吗？

④You shall have a nice present for your birthday.

你过生日将得到一份精美的礼物。（允诺）

⑤I promise you shall see her again before long.

我向你保证，你不久会再见到她。（允诺）

⑥They hope to destroy us one by one; they shall fail.

他们想一个一个地摧毁我们。他们注定失败。（威胁）

⑦If you children won't do as I tell you, you shan't go to the party.

如果你们这些孩子不听我的话，你们不得去参加聚会。（威胁）

⑧Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.

什么也不能阻止我们实现计划。

▲let's … 的否定形式是在 let's后加not构成。如：

①Let's not waste our time arguing about it. 让我们别浪费时间为它争论。

②Let's not say anything about it. 让我们别说那件事。

③Let's not think about it. I'm tired of thinking about it.

让我们别再考虑它。我讨厌考虑它。

3．名词suggestion, proposal, order, idea等后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句谓语通常仍用should + 动词原形或单用动词原形这种虚拟语气结构。如：

①He made the suggestion that the work (should) be started at once. (＝He suggested that the work (should) be started at once. )他建议立即开始工作。

②My suggestion is that he (should) send a few people to help the other groups.

我的建议是他立即派几个人帮助别的组。

③His requirement was that the system (should) be adjusted.

他要求重新调整系统。

④The orders were that he stay where he was. 命令他就地待命。

⑤What do you think of his proposal that we (should) put on the play“A Merchant of Venice”? 你对他关于演出“威尼士商人”的建议看法如何？

4．as to作“关于”，“至于”解，后面多跟从句，也可跟名词或连接代词（副词）+ 动词不定式。如：

①She told him to phone as to when he would be sailing.

她就他该在何时出航叫他打电话。

②He had no idea at all as to what he ought to do.

他根本不知道他该做些什么。

③Nobody could decide (as to)what to do. 谁也不能决定该做什么。

④There can be no possible doubt as to their intention.

他们的意图是毫无疑问的。

语法基础知识 

复合形容词的构成：

1．形容词（数词）+名词+-ed

kind-hearted好心的

warm-blooded温血的

three-legged 三条腿的

one-eyed 一只眼的

2．形容词（副词、名词）+ 现在分词

tired-looking面带倦容的

hard-working勤劳的

peace-loving 爱好和平的

3．名词（副词）+过去分词

snow-covered白雪覆盖的

newly-made新建的

4．名词（形容词）+形容词

world-famous世界闻名的

life-long终生的

dark-blue深蓝的

5．数词+名词

ten-year + 年的two-man二人的

高考真题选讲

题1　 It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, ______ ? （90年高考题）

A．won't we

B．doesn't she

C．don't we

D．shall we

分析　 Let's…的反意问句为shall we?

Let us…的反意问句则为will you?答案选 D。

题2　 It is wise to have some money ______ for old age. （96年高考题）

A．put away

B．kept up

C．given away

D．lay up

分析　 put away符合本句话的意思，意为“储存，积蓄”，其中put为过去分词；而B项keep up及C项give away则没有此意。D项lay up有“储蓄”之意，但不是被动形式，故不符合句子要求。答案选A。